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Advanced Ranger First Responder Handbook
The Advanced Ranger First Responder Handbook is a guide for medics trained to be the first line of care for injured personnel.
$43,00
ATP-P 10th Edition ( Copy ) (978-1-7366242-7-2 )

The Advanced Tactical Protocols-Paramedic (ATP-P) Handbook is an essential reference tool for the tactical and combat medics, SWAT team members, and medical professionals operating in austere environments.

View the Table of Contents
$73,00
Pararescue Medical Operations (PJ MED) handbook 7th Ed ( Copy ) (978-1-7332239-4-2)
The Pararescue Medical Operations Handbook is designed to form the basis of medical practice during both Rescue Operations and training mishaps for USAF Pararescuemen (PJs). This revised handbook includes an outline of the Principles of PJ medicine and the patient assessment checklist. This approach to patients is slightly modified from traditional primary and secondary surveys to reflect both a more efficient and a comprehensive approach to combat trauma based on PJ experience and data from Overseas Contingency Operations. Portions of the Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines and the ATP Tactical Medical Emergency Protocols (TMEPS) that pertain to the Pararescue are included and have been modified to suit the PJ mission. The goal remains to have all PJs work to a single standard. The section on prolonged care has been modified and expanded based on PJ experiences.
$79,00
ATP-P 10th Edition ( Copy ) ( Copy ) (978-1-7366242-7-2 )

The Advanced Tactical Protocols-Paramedic (ATP-P) Handbook is an essential reference tool for the tactical and combat medics, SWAT team members, and medical professionals operating in austere environments.

View the Table of Contents
$91,00
Ranger Medic Handbook 2020 Updates ( Copy ) (978-1-7366242-3-4)
Water/Tear Resistant Paper Print: 978-1-7332239-6-6
$76,00
Independent Duty Medical Technician (IDMT) Protocols Handbook ( Copy ) (978-1-7366242-1-0)

The Independent Duty Medical Technician (IDMT) Protocols Handbook is use by medics throughout the USAF. This Protocols Handbook covers medical and dental protocols.

This Handbook is in production. Estimated ship date is 15 July 2019

$73,00
Standard Medical Operations Guide (SMOG) ( Copy ) ( Copy ) ( Copy ) (978-1-7366242-9-6)
This current set of medical guidelines were developed through a collaboration of Emergency Medicine professionals, experienced Flight Medics, Aeromedical Physician Assistants, Critical Care Nurses, and Flight Surgeons. There has been close coordination in the development of these guidelines by the Joint Trauma System, Committee of En Route Combat Casualty Care and the Committee of Tactical Combat Casualty Care. The shared goal is to ensure excellent en route care that is standard across all evacuation and emergency medical pre-hospital units. All these enhancements and improvements will advance en route care across the services and the Department of Defense.

This product is available for preorder. Expected ship date is 31 August
$67,00
Special Operations and Space Medicine for a Joint Future

Hetzler MR, Fogarty JA, Frament C 99(5). 95 - 0 (Journal Article)

This paper is designed to introduce, propose, inform, and advocate enhanced relationships between the medical communities of special operations and space. Although each provides service support in different roles and functions, similarities in both the operational context and in medical care are notable. During a recent interaction, significant relationship potential was discovered by both communities, and recommendations for greater engagement are proposed herein. By identifying and appreciating similarities and understanding history, key actors, and authorities to analyze and realize opportunities will enable us to find synergy for the development of like efforts and goals. Collaboration in research on the limits of human performance and medical support to the most austere and challenging operational environments may benefit both communities in different but productive ways. Establishing and increasing cooperation will also meet command strategic intent, explore and advance a policy concept, initiate a relationship between unique medical communities, and provide a tangible success for the advancement of operational support.

$43,00
Water Decontamination Products for Wound Irrigation in Austere Environments: Benchtop Evaluation and Recommendations

Holcomb I, Shiels S, Marsh N, Stinner D, McGwin G, Holcomb JB, Wenke JC 99(5). 71 - 0 (Journal Article)

Background: Irrigation is used to minimize infection of open wounds. Sterile saline is preferred, but potable water is becoming more widely accepted. However, the large volumes of water that are recommended are usually not available in austere environments. This study determined the long-term antimicrobial effectiveness of military purification powder compared with currently available civilian methods. The study also compared the physical characteristics and outcomes under the logistical constraints. Methods: Six commercially available water decontamination procedures were used to decontaminate five different sources of water (pond water, river water, inoculated saline, tap water, and sterile saline). Each product was evaluated based on six different parameters: bacterial culture, pH, turbidity, cost, flow rate, and size. Results: All methods of treatment decreased the bacterial count below the limit of detection. However, they had variable effects on pH and turbidity of the five water sources. Prices ranged from $7.95 to $350, yielding 10-10,000L of water, and weighing between 18 and 500g. Conclusion: In austere settings, where all equipment is carried manually, no single decontamination device is available to optimize all the measured parameters. Since all products effectively reduced microbial levels, their size, cost, and production capability should be evaluated for the intended application.

$43,00
When Minutes Matter: A Comparison of Whole Blood Collection Techniques

Wier R, Walther S, Woodard C, Jordan CS, Matthews KJ, Deaton TG, Drew B, Byrne T, Zarow GJ 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Background: Fast and reliable blood collection is critical to emergency walking blood banks (WBB) because mortality significantly declines when blood is quickly administered to a warfighter with hemorrhagic shock. Phlebotomy for WBB is accomplished via either the "straight stick" (SS) or "ruggedized lock" (RL) method. SS comprises a 16-gauge phlebotomy needle connected to a blood collection bag via tubing. The RL device collects blood through the same apparatus, but has a capped, intravenous (IV) catheter between the needle and the donor's arm. This is the first study to compare these two methods in battlefield-relevant metrics. Methods: Military first responders and licensed medical providers (N=86) were trained in SS and RL as part of fresh whole blood training exercises. Outcomes included venipuncture success rates, time to IV access, blood collection times, total time, and user preferences, using a within-subjects crossover design. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and nonparametric statistics at p<0.05. Results: SS outperformed RL in first venipuncture success rates (76% vs. 64%, p=0.07), IV access times (448 [standard error of the mean; SE 23] vs. 558 [SE 31] s, p<0.01), and blood collection bag fill times (573 [SE 48] vs. 703 [SE 44] s, p<0.05), resulting in an approximate 3.5-minute faster time overall. Survey data were mixed, with users perceiving SS as simpler and faster, but RL as more reliable and secure. Conclusion: SS is optimal when timely collection is imperative, while RL may be preferable when device stability or replacing the collection bag is a consideration.

$43,00
Management of Rib Fractures in the Combat Environment

Smith S, Hilsden R, Patton P, Vogt K, Beckett A, Ball IM 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Rib fractures in combat casualties are an under-appreciated injury, and their treatment may become more common as more patients survive because of modern body armor and point-ofinjury care. The combat environment has challenges such as equipment availability and sterility. A simple and thoughtful rib fracture treatment algorithm may be useful to reduce the morbidity and mortality of rib fractures in the combat environment. Intravenous lidocaine infusions for patients with traumatic rib fractures may have important combat applications. We propose an algorithm for the management of combat casualties with traumatic rib fractures.

$43,00
Deployed Combat Use of Methoxyflurane for Analgesia

Schauer S, Fisher AD, April MD 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Background: The U.S. Military needs fast-acting, non-opioid solutions for battlefield pain. The U.S. Military recently used morphine auto-injectors, which are now unavailable. Off-label ketamine and oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate use introduces challenges and is therefore uncommon among conventional forces. Sublingual suftentanil is the only recent pain medication acquired to fill this gap. Conversely, methoxyflurane delivered by a handheld inhaler is promising, fast-acting, and available to some partner forces. We describe methoxyflurane use reported in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DODTR). Methods: We requested all available DODTR encounters from 2007 to 2023 with a documented intervention or assessment within the first 72 hours of care. We analyzed casualties who received methoxyflurane in the prehospital setting using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 22 encounters with documented methoxyflurane administration. The median patient age was 23 (range 21-31) years. All were men. The largest proportion was partner force (50%), followed by U.S. Military (27%). Most (64%) sustained battle injuries. Explosives were the most common mechanism of injury (46%), followed by firearms (23%). The median injury severity score was 5 (range 1-17). The most frequent injuries were serious injuries to the extremities (27%), and 23% of patients (5) received a tourniquet. One-half of the casualties received concomitant pain medications. Only three casualties had multiple pain scores measured, with a median pain score change of -3 on a scale of 10. Conclusion: Methoxyflurane use in deployed combat shows both feasibility and usability for analgesia.

$43,00
Sterile Instrument Storage in an Austere Environment: Are Sterile Peel Packaging and Cellulose Wrapping Equivalent?

Lanham N, Belyea CM, Marcello D, Wataka AB, Musila L 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Background: Recommendations for optimal temperature and humidity for sterile instrument storage vary according to different sources. Furthermore, there are limited data comparing methods of packing smaller, lightweight, low-profile instruments. The purpose of this study was to compare sterile peel packaging and sterile cellulose wrapping for sterile instrument storage in an austere environment characterized by elevated temperature and humidity. Methods: Stainless steel screws were sterilized and stored in either sterile peel packaging, sterile cellulose wrapping, or no packaging. Four groups were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of four screws in a sterile peelpack envelope and served as a time-zero control. Group 2 consisted of two groups of five screws, each packaged with blue sterilization cellulose wrap. Group 3 consisted of two groups of five screws, each packaged in sterile peel-pack envelopes. Group 4 consisted of 10 non-sterile unpackaged screws, which served as controls. Screws from groups 2, 3, and 4 were then cultured for 6 and 12 weeks. Temperature and humidity values were recorded in the instrument storage area. Results: Average temperature was 21.3°C (SD 1.2°C; range 18.9°C-27.2°C) and average humidity was 51.7% (SD 3.9%; range 39%- 70%). Groups 1 (time-zero control) and 2 (sterile cellulose wrapping) demonstrated no growth. After 6 and 12 weeks, groups 3 (sterile peel packaging) and 4 (control) demonstrated bacterial growth. Conclusion: The most common culture isolates were gram-positive rods and two common nosocomial Staphylococcius species. Sterile peel packaging was not found to be equivalent to sterile cellulose wrapping in austere environmental conditions.

$43,00
Emergency Fresh Whole Blood Transfusion Training for Ukrainian Health Professionals in Austere Environments

Brown ZL, Cuestas JP, Matthews KJ, Shumaker JT, Moore DW, Cole R 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Background: Blood is a highly valuable medical resource that necessitates strict guidelines to ensure the safety and well-being of the recipient. Since the onset of the war in Ukraine there has been an increased demand for training in emergency fresh whole blood transfusion (EFWBT) to improve damage control resuscitation capabilities. To meet this demand, we developed, implemented, and evaluated a training program aimed at enhancing Ukrainian EFWBT proficiency. Methods: Eight Ukrainian healthcare professionals (UHPs), including six physicians and two medics, completed our training, derived from the Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guidelines, Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) Guidelines, 75th Ranger Regiment Ranger O-Low Titer (ROLO) program, and Marine Corps Valkyrie program. Participants were assessed on their confidence in the practical application and administrative oversight requirements of an EFWBT program. A cross-comparison was conducted between a larger data set of third-year medical students from the Uniformed Services University and the UHPs to determine the statistical significance of the program. Results: The difference in mean scores of UHPs during preand post-training was statistically significant (p<0.001). Additionally, the average rate of improvement was greater for the UHPs compared with the third-year medical students (p=0.000065). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the application of an EFWBT training program for UHPs can significantly increase confidence in their ability to conduct EFWBTs on the battlefield. Further larger-scale research is needed to determine the impact of this training on performance outcomes.

$43,00
Prescreened Whole O Blood Group Walking Blood Bank Capabilities for Nontraditional Maritime Medical Receiving Platforms: A Case Series

Chang R, Boyle BP, Udoh MO, Maestas JM, Gehrz JA, Ruano E, Banker L, Cap AP, Bitterman JW, Deaton TG, Auten JD 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Background: Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines recognize low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) as the resuscitative fluid of choice for combat wounded. Utilization of prescreened LTOWB in a walking blood bank (WBB) format has been well described by the Ranger O low-titer blood (ROLO) and the United States Marine Corps Valkyrie programs, but it has not been applied to the maritime setting. Methods: We describe three WBB experiences of an expeditionary resuscitative surgical system (ERSS) team, attached to three nontraditional maritime medical receiving platforms, over 6 months. Results: Significant variations were identified in the number of screened eligible donors, the number of LTOWB donors, and the timely arrival at WBB activation sites between the platforms. Overall, 95% and 84% of the screened eligible group O blood donors on the Arleigh Burke Class Destroyer (DDG) and Nimitz Class Aircraft Carrier (CVN), respectively, were determined to be LTOWB. However, only 37% of the eligible screened group O blood donors aboard the Harper's Ferry Class Dock Landing Ship (LSD) were found to be LTOWB. Of the eligible donors, 66% did not complete screening, with 52% citing a correctable reason for nonparticipation. Conclusion: LTOWB attained through WBBs may be the only practical resuscitative fluid on maritime platforms without inherent blood product storage capabilities to perform remote damage control resuscitation. Future efforts should focus on optimizing WBBs through capability development, education, and training efforts.

$43,00
The Use of Tourniquets in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Samarskiy IM, Khoroshun EM, Vorokhta Y 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of tourniquets in the Russo-Ukrainian war. Methods: The type, number, and duration of tourniquets per limb, the clinical course of limb injuries, and the functional status of the injured limbs during the 24 hours post-injury were evaluated in military hospital facilities for the period of 2014-2022. Statistical frequencies and variances were analyzed. Results: During active hostilities, the medical units of the Southern Operational Command received 2,496 patients with limb injuries that required the application of tourniquets. Lower extremity injuries were predominantly observed (84.4%). A single tourniquet was used in 1,538 cases (61.6%), whereas two tourniquets were used in 533 (21.4%), and three tourniquets in 425 cases (17.0%). During the 2014- 2021 period, Esmarch's tourniquet was most commonly used. However, in 2022, it was mostly replaced by the Combat Application Tourniquet and similar systems (e.g., Sich, Dnipro). The duration of the tourniquet use ranged from 50 to 380 minutes (mean 205.9 [standard error 8.1] min), which prolonged ischemia in a significant number of cases. Limb amputations, mainly due to extensive necrosis, were performed in 92 cases (3.7%). In addition to 101 deaths (4.0% of patients), 11 cases of severe tourniquet syndrome were encountered. The limb was salvaged in 9 cases (81.8%). Conclusion: Prompt triage and evacuation of injured combatants can save affected limbs, even when the duration of tourniquet use exceeds 2 hours. Tourniquet syndrome can be prevented using a hemostatic tourniquet.

$43,00
Maritime Applications of Prolonged Casualty Care: A Series Introduction

Tadlock MD, Kitchen LK, Brower JJ, Tripp MS 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

The current United States Navy and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) maritime strategy is coalescing around the concept of Distributed Maritime Operations (DMOs) to prepare for future large-scale combat operations with peer or near-peer competitors. As a result, individual components of naval forces will be more geographically dispersed and oper- ating at a significant time and distance from higher levels of medical care. We developed a series of educational scenarios informed by real-world events to enhance the ability of Role 1 medical caregivers to apply the principles of Prolonged Ca- sualty Care during current routine, crisis, and contingency DMOs.

$43,00
Advanced Ranger First Responder Handbook
Advanced Ranger First Responder Handbook (978-1-7332239-8-0)
The Advanced Ranger First Responders are trusted with an advanced skillset of procedures, medications, and training. They are trained on specific first responder medical skills to provide a higher level of trauma response during Ranger operations. The ARFR is expected to provide limited scope trauma and emergency care in a tactical or austere setting; they may work independently or in support of a medical provider. They are proficient at advanced medical procedures and basic medication administration. The skills in this handbook enhance the basics of Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC)
The Advanced Ranger First Responder Handbook is a guide for medics trained to be the first line of care for injured personnel.
$43,00
Heat Tolerance Testing and the Return to Duty Decision: A Two-Year Case Cohort Analysis

Kester R, Abraham PA, Leggit JC, Harp JB, Kazman JB, Deuster PA, O'Connor FG 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Background: Among individuals with prior exertional heat illness (EHI), heat tolerance testing (HTT) may inform risk and return to duty/activity. However, little is known about HTT's predictive validity, particularly for EHI recurrence. Our project sought to demonstrate the predictive validity of HTT in EHI recurrence and HTT's utility as a diagnostic tool in exertional heat stroke (EHS). Methods: Participants with prior EHS were recruited for the study by a physician's referral and were classified as heat tolerant or intolerant after completing demographics and an HTT. Participants were further categorized as single/simple (SS) EHI or recurrent/complex (RC) EHI by conducting a retrospective record review of the following two years. We calculated the positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of HTT. Results: The retrospective review of HTT records was used to categorize 44% of Servicemembers as RC, with 77% classified as heat tolerant, 14% as heat intolerant, and 9% as borderline. When borderline cases were classified as heat intolerant, HTT had a high NPV, indicating a high probability that heat-tolerant individuals did not have recurrent EHI. When borderline cases were classified as heat tolerant, NPV and sensitivity decreased while specificity increased. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the HTT had a 100% NPV for future EHI over two years of follow-up for Servicemembers with a history of recurrent heat injury and negative HTT results. An HTT can provide critical data points to inform return to duty decisions and timelines by predicting the risk of EHI recurrence.

$43,00
Development and Implementation of a Standard Operating Procedure for Military Working Dog Blood Collection, Storage, and Transport

Evernham EL, Fedeles BT, Knuf K 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

Military working canines are critical assets and force multipliers for the Joint Force. Most often deployed forward of Role 2 assets, they are reliant on non-veterinary resources when wounded, ill, or injured in an operational environment. Hemorrhagic shock is the most prevalent form of shock seen in battlefield injuries and is most effectively treated with whole blood transfusion. Dogs cannot be transfused with human blood and there is no formal Department of Defense (DoD) canine blood product distribution system to operational settings. A walking blood bank is helpful when multiple dogs are geographically co-located and the resource can be provided to an injured patient quickly. In areas as widely dispersed as the Horn of Africa, the likelihood of co-location is slim and delaying this vital resource can mean the difference between life and death. Therefore, personnel at the Role 2 facility in Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, filled a critical capability gap for the operational area by producing a local canine whole blood bank with distribution to multiple countries. This protocol can be replicated by other locations to improve medical readiness for the working canines who serve to maintain DoD Force Protection.

$43,00
Warning: Tourniquets Risk Frostbite in Cold Weather

Kragh JF, O'Conor DK 99(5). 0 (Journal Article)

We sought to better understand the frostbite risk during first-aid tourniquet use by reviewing information relevant to an association between tourniquet use and frostbite. However, there is little information concerning this subject, which may be of increasing importance because future conflicts against near-peer competitors may involve extreme cold weather environments. Historically, clinical frostbite cases with tourniquet use occurred in low frequency but in high severity when leading to limb amputation. The physiologic response of vasoconstriction to cold exposure leads to limb cooling and causes a reduction of limb blood flow, but cold-induced vasodilation ensues as periodic fluctuations that increase blood flow to hands and feet. In animal experiments, tourniquet use increased the development of frostbite. Evidence from human experiments also supports an association between tourniquet use and frostbite. Clinical guidance for caregiving to casualties at risk for frostbite with tourniquet use had previously been provided but slowly and progressively dropped out of documents. Conclusions: The cause of frostbite was deduced to be a sufficiently negative heat-transfer trend in local tissues, which tourniquet use may worsen because of decreasing tissue perfusion. An association between tourniquet use and frostbite exists but not as cause and effect. Tourniquet use increased the risk of the cold causing frostbite by allowing faster cooling of a limb because of reduced blood flow and lack of cold-induced vasodilation. Care providers above the level of the lay public are warned that first-aid tourniquet use in low-temperature (<0°C [<32°F]) environmental conditions risks frostbite.

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